Bauhaus

Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term  Bauhaus, literally "house of construction"  stood for "School of Building".


The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence. Nonetheless it was founded with the idea of creating a 'total' work of art in which all arts, including architecture would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern designThe Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography


The Bauhaus had a major impact on art and architecture trends in Western Europe, the United States, Canada and Israel (particularly in the White City of Tel Aviv) in the decades following its demise, as many of the artists involved fled, or were exiled, by the Nazi regime. Tel Aviv, in fact, in 2004 was named to the list of world heritage sites by the UN due to its abundance of Bauhaus architecture; it had some 4,000 Bauhaus buildings erected from 1933 on.


One of the main objectives of the Bauhaus was to unify art, craft, and technology. The machine was considered a positive element, and therefore industrial and product design were important components. Vorkurs ("initial" or "preliminary course") was taught; this is the modern day "Basic Design" course that has become one of the key foundational courses offered in architectural and design schools across the globe. There was no teaching of history in the school because everything was supposed to be designed and created according to first principles rather than by following precedent.


One of the most important contributions of the Bauhaus is in the field of modern furniture design. The ubiquitous Cantilever chair and the Wassily Chair designed by Marcel Breuer are two examples. (Breuer eventually lost a legal battle in Germany with Dutch architect/designer Mart Stam over the rights to the cantilever chair patent. Although Stam had worked on the design of the Bauhaus's 1923 exhibit in Weimar, and guest-lectured at the Bauhaus later in the 1920s, he was not formally associated with the school, and he and Breuer had worked independently on the cantilever concept, thus leading to the patent dispute.) The single most profitable tangible product of the Bauhaus was its wallpaper.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus#Impact

Lecture six

Postmodern space and time: Retro and vintage or unorginal and old?

- We live in a "postmodern" society
- "Postmodernity" a key concept within contemporary art and design
- 'Postmodernism' cant be understod in isolation from 'modernism'

- Some theorists argue that postmodernism is merely an extension of modernism
- Zygmunt Bauman has called it "Liquid Modernism" because it is so hard to pin down

Modernism

- Was no a "period"
- Describes a wide range of texts that influence how we now think and experience the world
- Co-exsisted with other styles and concerns
- Concerned with other styles and concerns

- Concerned with "meta-narratives" ; unified explanations
- Was a direct extension of Enlightenmen thinking/philospohy

The key concept behind Enlightenment thoughts are:

- Universe is rational and can be understoof through the use of reason alone
- Truth is arrived at through empirical observation, the application of reason, and systematic doubt
- Mans experience is key to mans understanding of truth
- All life, both social and individual, can be understood and humans are no exception
- Therefore, mankind can be "engineered" in the same way as the natural world
-Mankind is progressing
- Education and the development of their rational facilities can improve a person
- Religion has no place in a rational understanding of the physical and human world

- Modernism is a cultural movement which rebelled against Victorian mores
- Modernists presented the Victorian "civilized" as greedy and warmongering (instead of being industrialized rations and cash - based economies as hypocrites (rather than christians) and as enemies of freedom and self- realisations
- Initially modernism was concerned with evidencing progression
- World war 1 had a massive impact on modernists and hence, modernism.
-Nationalism was seen to be a source of conflict

- Fine art became increasingly apolitical, avant garde and abstract art for arts sake
- Design was driven by "reason" ; radical break with preceding forms
- Was "international" or "transitiona style
- Le corbusier referred to buildings as "machines for living"
- Driven by the bauhaus - "forms follow function"


- Clothing, cloth and footwear began to be rationed in the Uk in 1941, june.
- Rationing wasnt lifted until 1949, 2 years after the end of hostilities
- 1942 - the incorporated society of London fashion designers
- Included Hardy Amies, Digby Morton, Victor Shebel, Angele Delange, Peter Norman Hartnell
- Manafacturers using the CC41 label were forbidden from using any unnecessary trimmings, extra pockets ect.
- Created 34 utility clothing designs
- The British government introduced laws designed to give weight to the utility scheme
- Made it illegal and unpatriotic to use excess material


- "The Mao Suit"
- Argueably the epitome of modernist, "form follows function"
-Modernism struggled to survive world war 2
- Its utilitarian principles were employed in the rebuilding of Western society
- Seen as unhuman and restrictive

- Term "Postmodernism" orginally used to describe an architectual style
-Reaction to the "International Style" of high modernism
- Concerned with decoration; playful
- "style over content"
- Frequent references the past, other disciplines popular culture, ect.

- Identity as "text" to be "written"
- Roland Barthes' the language of fashion
- Identity is not fixed it can be 'rewritten'
- "Intertextual"
Music Video- Christina Agularia - Aint no other man

- 50's style
- Old fashion clothes, instruements, mise en scene

- Taste is not "neutral" or natural"
- "denaturalising" material culture
- Tase is an ideological construct
- Ideology= Body of ideas or beliefs"
- Notion of 'good' and 'bad' taste linked to class system and morality
- Taste of the "masses" was of concern to social engineers and philanthropists
- Public art galleries and museums intended to "educate" the masses
- Not neutral spaces; invariably presented an ethnocentric vision of the world.
- Taste in not only a part and index of morality, it is the only morality. The first and last, and the closest trial questions to any living creature is ' What do you like?' Tell me what you like, I'll tell you what you are"
- John Ruskin, English critic and reformer (1819-1900

-Taste and fashion are most definatley linked
-Changes in what is considered fashionable determines ht is considered good and bad taste
- The consumption of prestige items helps establish an individuals society identity
- Consumer culture; you are what you consume
- Still very much in evidence today


-Thorstein Veblen in The Theory of the lesuire class (1899) coioned the phrases:
- "conspicious consumption"
- "conspicious leisure"
-"things" have meaning beyond their function or "use" value (Marx, Capital)
-Focus of the post - Industrial, postmodern individuals excistence is the acqusition of "things" whose "symbolic exchange" values form and specific social identities (Baudrillard symbolic exchange and death) increased controversies sales
-Young black consumers now account for approx 60- 85% of Hennessy's US sales.

Taste no longer simply "trickles down"
- Styles also "trickle- up"
- Style spotters actively seek out the nex underground, "authentic" look
- Evidence of this can be found in the speed with which subcultural identifiers are turned into styles
-Disconnection of subcultural styles form their originary contexts
- eg. Punk 

- e.g hip hop
- he music industry has typically been a white dominanted one despite black subcultures being the source of many popular and powerful genre
- While there have long been black performer in the industry, black ownership of record labels started relatively recently

N.W.A- ' Fuck tha police' - FBI contacted the record label- song should not be allowed to be listened to.

50 cent- Candy shop analysis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRcnnId15BA&ob=av2e

- Big mansion, expensive car- money/power
- Male 50 cent comes out of car- focus on him
- Door opens,  lots of women in lingerie all looking at him
- walks up the stairs past them all- superior
-  sexual references "ill let you lick the lollipop" - then points downwards
-  woman singer shows control, "ill have you spending all you got"
- women use their bodies as their control/power
- fur coat on male- expensive/ gangster
- girls dancing whilst he looks down on them from a balcony- superior
- " as soon as i come through the door, shes pulling on my zipper" - as if he is sought after
- he only ever refers to her body- all shes worth? all he cares about?
- chamagne- expensive- taking advantage?
- girl singer- fur coat- equal power?
-  "go ahead girl and dont you stop" - control/ he has authority
- ends as a daydream when really hes just at a drive thru called "candy shop" - all men think about is women/sex?
- woman serving him- inferior

Lecture Five

Marcus Harvery- Myra Hindlet, 1995 - Made her face out of childrens handprints- someone threw black all over it in a gallery as it was seen as offensive

Although the painting caused a stir when it was shown in the Royal Accedamy in 1997. The painting also recently caused some controversies as it was shown in a short three minute video of london, shown at a london 2012 event held in beijing

Andres Serrano- Piss Christ, 1989- Uk didnt care- America was very offended as they ar every religious

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13124769 - a BBC news article i found on piss chirst, about relativley recent vandalism to the piece.

Book

' The death of the autor'  Image, music, text by Roland Barthes.
Barthes- ' meaning is nt created by the autor'

Micheal Craig- Oak tree, 1973
- plays around with language- signs and symbls ect.

Language of art, design and media: todays lecture.

- Death of the author
-Everything is a 'text'
-Structuralism
-Post- Structuralism
-Meaning
-Meaning constructed
-Visual communication
-Intertextuality
Innocence lost: the politics of looking and making

Part 1- Looking and making as political practices.
Images- Edokard manet, Olympia, 1863
-Offensive, white prostitue, not ashamed

Vicky Pollard, Little Britian- omly funny to certain classes to others its personal and offensive.

Mercatr Projection, 1569
Euro centrism- putting European concerns at the centre of our world
- makes the size and dominance smaller or bigger
- designed in the age of discovery for European people.

Peters projection, 1973
- The design you end up with is effected by the position you occupy
- The things we make are not natural/ neutral.
- Equally sized on the globe- equally sized on the mp.
- Based on land mass
- Politics of representation
- Decision was made on which way up the map should be- puts people on the Northern hald of the equator in dominance.

The lecture argues that:

- Looking is nt a vlue free activity
- No 'innocent eye'
- Looking take place from a position, changes what we see.
- Awareness of the location from which we look helps us to move from describing to analysing

Ideology: A word view

- Karl Marx (German Philosopher and political economist) writing in the 19th century during the rise of capatilism and industrialism

-Those who own means of production control ideas.
- Argued that economics determines culture
- Looks at relation of capatilism to class

Rupert Murdoch
- Owns 80% of media- people scared to speak out about him- he has the power to publicly humiliate someone. 

David Guetta ft Flo rida- Where them girls at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4kVWCSzfK4

- Girls half dressed- bikinis
-Jogging keeping fit
- David Guetta is high up- controlling everyone
- Bubbles maybe be seen rhypnol
- The bubbles picks the girl. the girl has no control over it.
- Making it seem that men have more power/ are more superior than women

Pink- stupid girls analysis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR4yQFZK9YM&noredirect=1


Notes:

Body modification
Angel/Devil- Good/ Bad contrast
Different types/classes
Bulimia/Health issues
Representation of how girls are suppsed to look
Clothing- representatin
Pressure women are under to look a certain away
How kids are pressured from a young age
Barbie toys- body image/perfection
American flag- podium
Sexual references- Video/Body
Conscience guides- religious symbolism
Contempary western images
References other videos- car wash/paris hilton/50 cent
The lyrics, "what happened to the dream of a girl president? Shes dancing in the video next to 50 cent",  shows the contrast between a woman of power and a woman simply used as a sexy extra in a music video, to show the power and success of the male rappers.

lecture four

Semiotics: The science of sign systems

- Semiotics and structuralism
- Signs: signifiers and signified
- Syntagmatic and paradigmatic sign relations
- Text
- Iconic, Indexial and symbolic signs

Sign=  signifier (significant) form + signified (signifie) concept

Iconic signs- look like the thing that they signify, eg. portraits, photos ect.
Indexical signs- refer to other knowledges, eg. natural signs: clouds signify rain, footprints feet ect.
Symbolic signs- have meaning only due to convention, eg. words, flags ect.
The arbitrariness of spoken language can be illustrated by looking at our writing systems:
- A phonetic alphabet records sound values
- An ideographic system uses symbols to represent a thing or idea without indicating any of the sound in its name

Fashion design
- Fashion isnt just clothing
- It has shared meanings
- A system of signs, symbols and iconography that non-verbally communicates meanings about individuals and groups
Structuralism
- Everything we encounter is a text that we read
- Syntagmatic relation- A relation that links signs (or even texts) into a more complex 'text'
- Syntax- the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language
- Paradigmatic relation- The relationship between a set of signs which means that nly one of them may be present at any given time in a given position, i.e. signs / texts that can be substituted for each other within a complex text without changing the nature of that complex text
- Paradigm- a set of forms all of which contain a particular element, especially the set of inflected forms based on a single stem or theme: systematic arrangement of all the inflected forms of a word

Parole- the spoken/ individual usage of signs within a system
langue- the structural rules and conventions of a system

Lecture three

What is fashion?
- Inspiration
- Personality
- Expressive
- Structural
- Brands
- Identity
- Trickery
- Fashion changes due to culture
- Beauty or ugliness changes due to culture

- Charles Fredrick Worth (1826-1895) - First fashion designer
- 1910- Print fashion was recognised
- Women began to wear suit in 1885
- 1920's - women could have surgery to make their breasts look smaller to fit in the dresses and look more boy like.
- Edward Sappir 1884-1939- Wrote the fashion entry in the encylopedia

I was off ill for the lecture, so i caught up with a friend and made some notes

Stephan Fry - Spreading the word

After watching this i learnt that writing has developed tremendously over the years, and when it was thought to be invented roughly 5000 years ago, it was only used numerically- for economic reasons. As time went on, writing devloped into what we now know as letters/alphabet, and they are different all over the world. Different countries have always had different methods since time began, and this can be shown by the fact that we write things down to be remembered and passed on for years; ie. The Bible. Whereas the man interviewed has all memories and histories locked in his mind, he remembered up to 53 generations, to us this is an awful lot to remember as we have always written things down to remind us, but to him he wishes he could remember more.
As i mentioned previously, we have kept written records such as the bible for many many years, however the bibles orginal parts were about tax record keeping, and they are now stored in the Bristish national museum.
Although we now write with pen and paper, many years ago that wasnt an option, so they had to find other methods, large blocks of clay were found that had been imprinted on, as a way of storing information- This began in ancient iraq, as this is where writing initially began, they started a very basic alphabet, and the thought that it would ever evolve never even crossed their minds.
Reading began to happen by 1200BC - this was the beginning of many things, Phenesians created a writing style that was appreciated by various parts of Europe and some other countires, and it was thought that the more people who could read, the easier it would be to trade. It also encouraged religion, being able to read and write gave priests ect the advantage to write down, as well a remember stories, to pass on their believes for other people to pick up for years to come.
Next i discovered that, a shrine in Jerusalem, called The shrine of books holds the "dead sea scrolls". These scrolls are so valued as they are known to have been hidden for over 2000 years, when a shephard found them. There is now a technology that is slowly decoding the original text.

Printing to many was seen as a quick was of writing, as writing back then was such a slow process. Printing originally began in china, however it didnt continue as the thousands of symbols made it too complex. Also it was said that if a symbols lines arent drawn in the correct order you would look like "a poorly educated person" and it would give off the wrong meaning.  Printing was then discovered by Johannes Gutenburg, and was used to create the first newspaper, interestingly Geoffery Chaucer was the first person to have his work printed in it.
I am facinated at the fact that over time, as technlogies devloped, the book has never been replaced, the video tapes been replaced by dvds, the internets been invented, tv, radio- but the book still remains. Even though this is the case, people insist on creating more developed and advanced versions of books, a couple mentioned- '3D virtual reality cave' and 'never ending reading machine'.
I found this documentary particularly interesting as it shows us how things have developed to get us to where we are now.

London 2012 logo- what is good graphic design?

Offical website- our brand

http://www.london2012.com/about-us/our-brand/index.php

On the website they talk about how they want a powerful brand that combines the olympic rings and the city of London together. They say that 2012 is they're brand as its universal and understandable worldwide- i think that this is an effective idea as it is involving other countries, so it continues the theme of the whole event.

They mention several times how they want to include and involve everyone of all types. The brand logo is all about a positive vibe- "Our emblem is simple, distinct, bold and buzzing with energy...It feels young in spirit. Full of confidence, certainty and opportunity."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/606/A23431826

The BBC continue the hype over the logo and gives the opinions of people involved;

It then goes on to ask you what you think of the logo, and a majority of the comments arent so appreciative of the logos design;

Personally i agree with the latter comments, i think that the logo is uninspiring, unimaginative, and could have been designed by anyone. Dont believe the hype.

http://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2007/june/2012-logo-lance-wyman-says-give-it-a-chance

The creative review website has mixed views about the logo. Some people often commenting nagative things about it, but then going on to say they want to give it a chance. I think peoples biggest concern is the colour- why bright pink? Maybe people are right and at first glance it might not be what everyone was expecting, but if we give it a chance we might recognize that its young, fun and has potential. One comment had a particularly interesting outlook on it;

http://www.davidairey.com/london-2012-olympic-logo-disaster/

The chairman of Londons 2012 organising commitee said: " Its an invitation to take part and be involved" after it was stated that its aiming to appeal to today internet generation. - I cant quite see the link between the logo and 'internet generation'.

More interestingly.. Iran is threatening to boycott the Games after "Internet documents have proved, using the word zion in the logo of 2012 Olympics Games is a disgracing action and against Olympic's valuable mottos." - The logo may not look very pleasant, but after all thats been said about how they want everyone to feel involved, would they really purposefully do this?

Iran sent the IOC a letter stating "There is no doubt that negligence of the issue from your side may affect the presence of some countries in the Games, especially Iran which abides by the commitment of values and principles."
The IOC confirmed that the letter had been recieved but insisted that the logo "represents the figure 2012, and nothing else" - I think that this is an acceptable and valid response and the claim is absurd.

http://www.metro.co.uk/news/51740-the-london-2012-logo-the-blogosphere-is-angry

The metro shows how the social networking world is responding. There are alot of tweets on this page that are rather amusing such as;

All of the websites visited have allowed you to have your own say, showing that people are interested to get more and more opinions- this alone shows what controversy its caused.

Vivienne Westwood

The articles begins by giving credit to Vivienne for her business mind and ability to create such a strong brand identity - "The logo itself might aswell be her signature". The recognisable use of baby pink and gold are thought to be resembled as feminine, and royalty - "In fashion circles, Vivienne Westwood is as close to royalty as it is possible to be"

In her way of work the graphics and the fashion are linked and work together- "the graphics feed off the fashion."  She built up her own vocabularly of symbols, which all mean something to her customers. The most famous symbol is the Orb, which represents tradition and past, and was redrawn by Tracey Emin in a more scribbly effect.

The red label has been designed to look more stylish and feminine, whereas the MAN label was designed to look more rough and the logo on the bags were designed to look like stone henge.

All logos and symbols are carried through to the packaging, fragrance and accessories.

Lecture three

El Lissitzky, 1924- The constructor

Hannah Hock, 1919- Cut with the kitchen knife Dada- when print became available but was expensive

Albert Ranger Patzch, 1924- The world is a beautiful series - Focuses on pattern and catches in well. Criticzed for no pushing photography ideas, just simply makes beautiful pictures that any artist could.

Jack Vattrino is a best selling alive artists, and his painting are sold everywhere. Except they are not sought after by museums ect.

Emilio Pucci, Mani, Fendi, gucci- Use of fur- Fur is sustainable, but sometimes not seen as moral- many debates.

Christopher Kane- Upcoming designer for knitwear, however he uses real size woman- which kicked off debates as lots of people didnt want to be associated with a designer who did this.

Marco Evaristti- he created a piece of 'art' where he put gold fish in blenders and plugged the blenders in in the galleries. One viewer of the art work turned on a switch and then turned the blender on. This case went to court but was not seen as Marcos fault.

Animal Cruelty?

Lecture two

Creating ethical questions for fashion

-The use of animal fur and skin- right or wrong?
- How clothes are made in other countries- how much are the workers paid?
- How brands exploit other countries?
-Religious issues- if other women from different background can wear certain products?
-The size and health of models?

Creating ethical questions for photography

- Whether airbrushin photos and giving unrealistic views is appropriate?
- Permission and law issues to take a photo of someone?
- Nude images- the body/ nakedness- whether its acceptable?

"Photography is one of the new media forms that changes perceptionn and changes the structure of society"

What is photography?

- The art or process of producing images of objects or photosensitive surfaces
- The art practice or occupation of taking and printing photographs

Lecture one

Summing up our subject in one word answers
Fashion

- Inspiring
- Construction
-Understanding
-Development
-Eclectiscism
-Postmodernism

Photography

- Telling a story through an image
-Emotive
-Expressive

Graphics

-Communication
-Advertising
-Marketing

Sally Mann interview

With her own unique style in photography, Sally Mann shows us why she does what she does with her strong views and opinions, she is fearless in the publics reactions and defends certain pieces of her work related to her children by saying

" I am just a mother taking pictures of my children doing things children do"

In my opinion, similarly to Jock Sturges and Nan Goldin, Sally Mann has been critised over her use of naked children. I think her images are photographed in a way that prevents them entirley from being seen as pornographic as she portrays the children in an innocent and playful way. At the beginning of her book, Immediate Family, Sally writes, "We are spinning a story of what it is to grow up. It is a complicated story and sometimes we try to take on the grand themes: anger, love, death , sensuality, and beauty"
I think she sums up the meaning and truth behind her photographs perfectly in this quote. 

Controversies- A legal and ethical history of photography press realease

In the introduction, its immediatley stated that since the invention of photography in 1839, it has caused controversy, debates, legal proceedings and sensational trials.

The right to photography, by Daniel Girardin

- It is stated that photographs are the source of endless debates and conflicts that often end up in court - i find this statement very bold as it is only looking at prehaps more extreme art, personal to certain artists that is made to cause a stir and some contrversy. It is forgotton that some art is made just for its beauty with no real meaning behind it other than maybe emotions, this type of work is impossible to cause debate, and could only simply create opinion on the work.

- Laws, attitudes and the limits of what is acceptable in terms of representations varies from ones country or culture to another. - this is a very good point, an effective example of this would be the case of,  Guillermo Vargas Habacuc, where he found a stray dog tied it up in a gallery and put a bowl of water and food just out of its reach.  Stray dogs are very common in his country, but often not in others, so other countries found this more of a devestating piece of 'art'.  In his defence, he says that people walk past these stray dogs everyday and nothing is thought of it, but as soon as you stick them in a gallery for people to see people notice the dogs and what is being done to them, i think his work got his point accross

- Certain laws are not enforced as the no longer correspond to practice, whereas others evolve as a result of the courts decision. Photographs that have been published for many years can be forbidden, while others begin to circulate freely after a long period underground. It is all a question of how the picture is interpreted, of the meaning the is read into them- i am intergued as to how and who read thes images, as so many peple have different views and interpretations of art it seems an impossible task to decide whether one if right or wrong to be seen.

- Its stated in other words that, since the apparant invention of photography, artists have have to fight for their work to get acknowledged, then fight for the protection of copyright, then fight to say their work was acceptable and the meaning behind it. It seems every process was a struggle as photography was new and maybe the thought of the dramatic change scared people in that time period.

- Later in the text my answer on how an image is interpreted is answered- A photograph is interpreted due to the cultural conventions associated with its creation or distribution. Reading an image in this way is something each individual does in accordance with his personal moral or philosophical convictions. It is also wha a society as a whole does by referring to the laws and ethics that form the foundation of a particular culture. The conventions of representation change at the same time as the techniques used for the creation or distribution of photgraphs.

- Main cases that have been sent to court have lead to the censuring of images and their prohibition reveals that the issues involved are associated with money, politics, morality or sexuality.

- Money? Nowadays photographic collections and archives of 19th and 20th century work have become financial and historical treasure troves.

- When a conflict becomes a controversy, it is an indication of attitudes and sources of tension in a society at a particular moment. A controversy is like a mirror in which the convictions of a community at that time become visible.

- The article then goes onto to talk about a series of cases that have causes controveries. For example, the Gross case,  Brooke Shields was photographed at age 13 naked with her mothers consent and signature given to the photographer, the image was then shown in various publications and places. As Brooke grew older she no longer wished for the photo to be shown so took it to court, she was told that she was binded the her mothers signature, then appealed and won, however it was a 2 year long court battle and it ended in 1992 with an artist called Richard prince who brought the rights to use and reproduce the image of Brooke, and it ended up being sold at Christies in 1999 for $151,000.  - This sort of case who be hard to judge in court, as you would have all the legal elements such as the mothers signature binding her into the contract, unabling her from being able to stop the artists from using it. But then her rights should be taken into consideration, the fact she was just 13 when they were taken, and she appealed when she was older showed should have the fact that she was more aware of what was going on and the effect it could have at this point.

Everyday creative practices

Curtains- Lining, dark thick fabric- blocks out light- practical

Pillows- Feather stuffed to create comfort and can mould in and out of any shape

Bus seats- Sort of rough fabric to grip you to the seat (no seatbelts) slightly cushioned to create comfort for journey. feels cheap- industrial purposes- however not easy to clean?!

Doort mat- Rough and bristly to remove dirt, thick to hold more dirt

Advertisements on sides of bus- waterproof, windproof, large and colourful to draw your attention. Practical for advertising as buses travel around a lot so it will be seen by many people